ALLOY 400 STAINLESS STEEL

Alloy 400 (UNS N04400) is a ductile nickel-copper alloy with resistance to a variety of corrosive conditions. The alloy is most frequently specified in environments ranging from mildly oxidizing through neutral, and in moderately reducing conditions. An additional application area of the material is in marine environments and other nonoxidizing chloride solutions.

The alloy has a long history of use as a corrosion resistant material, dating back to the early twentieth century when it was developed as an attempt to use a high copper content nickel ore. The nickel and copper contents of the ore were in the approximate ratio which is now formally specified for the alloy.

As with commercially pure nickel, Alloy 400 is low in strength in the annealed condition. For this reason, a variety of tempers are used which have the effect of increasing the strength level of the material.

Composition

Mechanical Properties

Hot Rolled

Alloy 400 is a very versatile corrosion resistant material. It exhibits resistance to corrosion in many reducing environments, and it is generally more resistant than higher copper alloys to oxidizing media. Alloy 400 is one of the few materials that will withstand contact with fluorine, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen fluoride or their derivatives. The alloy has been found to offer exceptional resistance to hydrofluoric acid in all concentrations up to the boiling point. Alloy 400 also resists sulfuric and hydrochloric acids under reducing conditions. It has outstanding resistance to neutral and alkaline salts and has been utilized for many years as a material of construction for salt plants.

Alloy 400 is one of the most widely used materials for marine applications, shipbuilding and seawater desalination plants. The alloy exhibits very low rates of corrosion in flowing sea or brackish water. However, under stagnant conditions, the alloy can encounter crevice and pitting corrosion. Alloy 400 resists stress corrosion cracking and pitting in most fresh and industrial water applications.

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