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ASTM A131 Papa A/B Paa kila moana
ASTM A131 Papa A/B Paa kila moana
ASTM A131 Papa A/B Paa kila moana
ASTM A131 Papa A/B Paa kila moana

ASTM A131 Papa A/B Paa kila moana

ʻO ASTM A131 kahi papa hana o ka pā kila i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana hana moku. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia māka ma ke ʻano he ikaika maʻamau me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o 34KSI(235Mpa). Loaʻa i nā noi nā moku, nā lako kai a me ka hana moku. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia mau māka e ka American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka pā kila moana a me ka ikaika maʻamau A131
ʻO ka pā kila moana e pili ana i ke kila kila i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu moku. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he māka moana a pono e hiki ke pale aku i nā hopena corrosive i maʻamau i loko o kahi kaiapuni wai. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohuihui kūikawā i kēia mau māka i mea e pale aku ai i ka corrosion. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kūpono ka hapa nui o ke kila kalapona no nā kaiapuni moana, aia kekahi mau mea kila kalapona i ʻae ʻia e nā hui like ʻole no nā noi hana moku.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kila no nā hulls moku i nā papa ikaika e like me kona ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: ikaika nui ke kila kila a me ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pā kila Maine e pili ana i ka pā kila wela i hana ʻia e like me nā koi o ka hui classication no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale hull moku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kila ikaika nui o ka China Classification Society i ʻehā mau māka maikaʻi: A B D a me E.

Aia he 9 mau hui hoʻonohonoho nui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
A.B.S    Keʻena moku ʻAmelika
B.V.     Bureau Veritas
C.C.S. Hui Hoʻohui Kina
D.N.V   Det Norske Veritas
G.L.    Germanischer Lloyd
K.R. Kakau Kolea no ka moku
ʻO L.R. ʻO ka papa inoa o ka moku o Lloyd
N.K. Nippon Kaiji Kyokai
R.I.N.A  Registro Italiano Navale

ʻO ASTM A131 kahi papa hana o ka pā kila i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana hana moku. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia māka ma ke ʻano he ikaika maʻamau me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o 34KSI(235Mpa). Loaʻa i nā noi nā moku, nā lako kai a me ka hana moku. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia mau māka e ka American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)

Hoʻopili kēia kikoʻī i nā papa kila, nā ʻano, nā kī a me nā rivets i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana moku.
Ka ikaika maʻamau- Papa A B D CS a me E me kahi kikoʻī hua liʻiliʻi o 34 ksi(235MPa)


ʻO ka hana moku ke kikowaena o ka ʻike ʻana o ʻAmelika a ʻike ʻia ke akamai o ʻAmelika i kāna mau submarines, yachts, nā moku holo moku, a me nā mea lawe mokulele. Hoʻomaka nā moku nui me ka pā kila kai kiʻekiʻe a haʻaheo ʻo Gnee i ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka ʻoihana hana moku ʻAmelika me ke kila moana a me waho o ke kila i kū i ka ʻino a paʻakikī, e hōʻike ana i ka emi ʻana o ka brittleness, ʻoiai i ke anuanu, a me ka ikaika nui e pale aku i ka trauma a haʻalulu. ʻO kā mākou papa papa moana āpau e kū i nā kūlana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ABS (American Bureau of Shipbuilding), ASTM, a me API (American Petroleum Institute). He mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi mākou i ka papa kila moana a me waho o ka honua a me nā mea hana moku
Hoʻohui kemika a me nā waiwai mechanical
Koi Kemika no ke kila ma'amau-ikaika
ʻElemu Papa A Papa B Papa D Papa E Papa CS
Deoxidation a me ka mānoanoa (t) i mm
t>2.0 in (50mm) t>2.0 in (50mm) t>1.0 in(50mm)
C 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.16
Mn min 2.5XC 0.60 0.60 0.70 1.00
ʻO Si 0.50 0.35 0.10-0.35 0.10-0.35 0.10-0.35
P 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035
S 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035
Ni - - - -
Cr - - - - -
Mo - - - - -
Cu - - - - -
C+Mn/6 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40

Koi ʻo Tensile no ka ʻOrdinary-Strength and Higher-Strength Structural Steel
Papa Ikaika U'i ksi(Mpa) Ka ikaika o ka hua min ksi(Mpa) ʻO ka lōʻihi ma 8 in (200mm) % Elongation i loko o 2 in (50mm) min %
Ka ikaika maʻamau
A B D CS E
58-75(400-520) 34(235) 21 24
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