ʻO ASTM A131 AH32 DH32 EH32 FH32 Pāpā kila kaʻa moku

ʻO ka pā kila moana e pili ana i ke kila kila i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu moku. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he māka moana a pono e hiki ke pale aku i nā hopena corrosive i maʻamau i loko o kahi kaiapuni wai. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohuihui kūikawā i kēia mau māka i mea e pale aku ai i ka corrosion. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kūpono ka hapa nui o ke kila kalapona no nā kaiapuni moana, aia kekahi mau mea kila kalapona i ʻae ʻia e nā hui like ʻole no nā noi hana moku.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kila kila no nā hulls moku i nā papa ikaika e like me kona ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: ikaika nui ke kila kila a me ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pā kila Maine e pili ana i ka pā kila wela i hana ʻia e like me nā koi o ka hui classication no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale hull moku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kila ikaika nui o ka China Classification Society i ʻehā mau māka maikaʻi: A B D a me E.

Aia he 9 mau hui hoʻonohonoho nui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
A.B.S    Keʻena moku ʻAmelika
B.V.     Bureau Veritas
C.C.S. Hui Hoʻohui Kina
D.N.V   Det Norske Veritas
G.L.    Germanischer Lloyd
K.R. Kakau Kolea no ka moku
ʻO L.R. ʻO ka papa inoa o ka moku o Lloyd
N.K. Nippon Kaiji Kyokai
R.I.N.A  Registro Italiano Navale
ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe - Papa AH, DH, EH a me FH me kahi helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o 46 ksi(315Mpa), 51ksi(350Mpa) a i ʻole 57 ksi(390Mpa)
Loaʻa nā ʻano a me nā kaola e like me ka Papa A, AH32, a me AH36. Hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia nā māka ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻaelike ma waena o ka mea kūʻai aku a me ka mea hana.

ʻO ka hana moku ke kikowaena o ka ʻike ʻana o ʻAmelika a ʻike ʻia ke akamai o ʻAmelika i kāna mau submarines, yachts, nā moku holo moku, a me nā mea lawe mokulele. Hoʻomaka nā moku nui me ka pā kila kai kiʻekiʻe a haʻaheo ʻo Gnee i ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka ʻoihana hana moku ʻAmelika me ke kila moana a me waho o ke kila i kū i ka ʻino a paʻakikī, e hōʻike ana i ka emi ʻana o ka brittleness, ʻoiai i ke anuanu, a me ka ikaika nui e pale aku i ka trauma a haʻalulu. ʻO kā mākou papa papa moana āpau e kū i nā kūlana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ABS (American Bureau of Shipbuilding), ASTM, a me API (American Petroleum Institute). He mea hoʻolako hilinaʻi mākou i ka papa kila moana a me waho o ka honua a me nā mea hana moku

Laulā kikoʻī
Mānoanoa: 2.5-120mm
Laulā:1000-3000mm
Length: E like me ke noi

Koi Kemika no ke Kiekie-ikaika Paa kila
Koi ʻo Tensile no ka ʻOrdinary-Strength and Higher-Strength Structural Steel